AquaNISInformation system on aquatic non-indigenous and cryptogenic species |
Species | Oncorhynchus keta [WoRMS] | |
Authority | (Walbaum, 1792) | |
Family | Salmonidae | |
Order | Salmoniformes | |
Class | Actinopterygii | |
Phylum | Chordata | |
Synonym (?) | ||
Sub-species level (?) | Not entered |
Native origin (?) | Country: China Country: Japan Country: Korea, Democratic Peoples Republic of Country: Korea, Republic of Country: Russia Comments: North Pacific |
Life form / Life stage (?) |
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Sociability / Life stage (?) |
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Reproductive frequency (?) | Semelparous References (not structured): Makiguchi, Y., Ichimura, M., Kitayama, T., Kawabata, Y., Kitagawa, T., Kojima, T., Pitcher, T. E. 2016. Sperm allocation in relation to female size in a semelparous salmonid. Royal Society open science, 3(12), 160497. Comments: Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) is a semelparous and external fertilizing salmonid. As the breeding season approaches, sexually mature individuals migrate to natal streams from the sea in order to spawn.After the oviposition is complete, females guard their nests to avoid having their eggs uncovered by other females (rather than buried). All individuals die within a few weeks of the beginning of the spawning period, which means only one breeding season per individual |
Reproductive type (?) | Sexual References: Makiguchi, Y., Ichimura, M., Kitayama, T., Kawabata, Y., Kitagawa, T., Kojima, T., Pitcher, T. E. 2016. Sperm allocation in relation to female size in a semelparous salmonid. Royal Society open science, 3(12), 160497. Comments: Enters freshwater during advanced stage of sexual development and spawning occurs almost immediately. A fish spawns 700-7,000 eggs in two to three egg releases. Eggs are ~300-3,500 per spawn. Come springtime the juveniles go to the ocean and come back 3-4 years later to their exact birthplace. This fish reaches maturity in 2-4 years. |
Developmental trait (?) | Spawning References: Makiguchi, Y., Ichimura, M., Kitayama, T., Kawabata, Y., Kitagawa, T., Kojima, T., Pitcher, T. E. 2016. Sperm allocation in relation to female size in a semelparous salmonid. Royal Society open science, 3(12), 160497. Comments: On the spawning grounds, females select spawning sites and construct nests by digging and displacing substrate with their tails. Simultaneously, males compete among each other for access to females and mate with females under intense male–male competition. |
Characteristic feeding method / Life stage (?) |
References (not structured): Sakai, O., Yamamura, O., Sakurai, Y., Azumaya, T. 2005. Feeding habits of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta in the central Bering Sea during summer, 2002. N. Pac. Anadr. Fish Comm. Tech. Rep, 6, pp. 57-58. Comments: Juvenile feeds on zooplankton and insects. Adults eat copepods, fishes, mollusks, squid, and tunicates. |
Mobility / Life stage (?) |
Comments: Eggs are placed on sand or gravel. |
Salinity tolerance range (?) | Exact range: 0 - 5 References: Park, J. W., Kim, B. S., Kim, J. K., Jung, H. K., Park, H. J., Lee, C. I. 2023. Influence of Salinity on the Survival Rate of Fertilized Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) Eggs. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 12(1), 39. Comments: Fertilized egg stages are sensitive to salinity, affecting ontogeny and hatching. Survival of the < 1 day old fertilized eggs decreased sharply at 3 psu or more, and all eggs died at 5 psu. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are adversely affected by osmotic pressure when exposed to saline water (0.5–5 psu) during the prehatching development stage. Adult chum salmon spend the majority of their adult life in the open ocean, where they are fully adapted to seawater with a salinity of approximately 35 ppt. |
Habitat modifying ability potential (?) | Keystone species Comments: Chum salmon is a keystone species in Alaska, meaning that this species holds together the entire ecosystem. |
Toxicity / Life stage (?) | Not relevant |
Bioaccumulation association (?) | Anthropogenic chemical compounds References: Khristoforova, N. K., Litvinenko, A. V., Tsygankov, V. Y., Kovalchuk, M. V. 2021. Comparative characteristics of the trace elemental composition of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta Walbaum, 1792 from the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk. Marine Biological Journal, 6(4), pp. 92-104. |
Known human health impact? | Known Comments: It has not been reported that Oncorhynchus keta poses a threat to human health or water quality. |
Known economic impact? | Not known Comments: Not available. |
Known measurable environmental impact? | Not known Comments: Not available. |
Included in the Target Species list? | No References: HELCOM, 2009. Alien Species and Ballast Water [PDF]. Available at: (https://archive.iwlearn.net/helcom.fi/stc/files/shipping/Table_2_Alienspecies_%20lists_2009.pdf) |
Association with vessel vectors (?) | Unknown Comments: Not available. |
Last update by | Sandra Gečaitė, 2024-07-18 |