Comments: Not available.

Comments: One of the major fouling agents on artificial surfaces obstructing managment of ports and ships (Streftaris and Zenetos, 2006).

References: AquaNIS. Editorial Board, 2015. Information system on Aquatic Non-Indigenous and Cryptogenic Species. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.corpi.ku.lt/databases/aquanis. Version 2.36+. Accessed 2021-09-01. Gollasch S, Macdonald E, Belson S, Botnen H, Christensen JT, Hamer JP, Houvenaghel G, Jelmert A, Lucas I, Masson D, McCollin T, Olenin S, Persson A, Wallentinus I, Wetsteyn LPMJ, Wittling T (2002) Life in Ballast Tanks In: Invasive aquatic species of Europe - distribution, impact and management. Leppäkoski, E., S. Gollasch & S. Olenin (eds). Kluwer Academic Publishers: 217-231 http://www.corpi.ku.lt/nemo/aqua_app_gollasch.pdf Sorokin YI; Sorokin PY; Zakuskina OY; Dallocchio Franco, 2004. Features of hypereutrophic Molino lagoon ecosystem dominated by sedentary polychaetes. Hydrobiologia, 518:189-200. Streftaris N; Zenetos A, 2006. Alien Marine Species in the Mediterranean -the 100 'Worst Invasives' and their Impact. Mediterranean Marine Science, 7(1):87-118. Thomas NS; Thorp CH, 1994. Cyclical changes in the fauna associated with tube aggregates of Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Fauvel). Mémoires de Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 162:575-584. Zibrowius, H., & Thorp, C.H. 1989. A review of the alien serpulid and spirorbid solychaetes in the British Isles. Cahiers de Biologie Marine,30: 271-285.

Comments: Competition, habitat alteration (Thomas and Thorp, 1994; Sorokin et al., 2004).

References: AquaNIS. Editorial Board, 2015. Information system on Aquatic Non-Indigenous and Cryptogenic Species. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.corpi.ku.lt/databases/aquanis. Version 2.36+. Accessed 2021-09-01. Gollasch S, Macdonald E, Belson S, Botnen H, Christensen JT, Hamer JP, Houvenaghel G, Jelmert A, Lucas I, Masson D, McCollin T, Olenin S, Persson A, Wallentinus I, Wetsteyn LPMJ, Wittling T (2002) Life in Ballast Tanks In: Invasive aquatic species of Europe - distribution, impact and management. Leppäkoski, E., S. Gollasch & S. Olenin (eds). Kluwer Academic Publishers: 217-231 http://www.corpi.ku.lt/nemo/aqua_app_gollasch.pdf Sorokin YI; Sorokin PY; Zakuskina OY; Dallocchio Franco, 2004. Features of hypereutrophic Molino lagoon ecosystem dominated by sedentary polychaetes. Hydrobiologia, 518:189-200. Streftaris N; Zenetos A, 2006. Alien Marine Species in the Mediterranean -the 100 'Worst Invasives' and their Impact. Mediterranean Marine Science, 7(1):87-118. Thomas NS; Thorp CH, 1994. Cyclical changes in the fauna associated with tube aggregates of Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Fauvel). Mémoires de Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 162:575-584. Zibrowius, H., & Thorp, C.H. 1989. A review of the alien serpulid and spirorbid solychaetes in the British Isles. Cahiers de Biologie Marine,30: 271-285.